Scientific Publications

Prevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infection in Injectable Progestin Contraception Users in South Africa
Noguchi LM, Marrazzo JM, Richardson B, Hillier SL, Balkus JE, Palanee-Phillips T, Nair G, Panchia R, Piper J, Gomez K, Ramjee G, Chirenje ZM
Frontiers in Reproductive Health 2021; 3:668685.

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Risk factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Boulle A, Davies MA, Hussey H, Ismail M, Morden E, Vundle Z, Zweigenthal V, Mahomed H, Paleker M, Pienaar D, Tembo Y, Morris L, Hsiao NY, Marais R, Ambler J, Ngwenya O, Osei-Yeboah R, Johnson L, Kassanjee R, Tamuhla T; on hehalf of Western Cape Department of Health in collaboration with the NICD, South Africa
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021; 73(7):e2005-e2015. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1198

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Toward Point-of-Care Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Brighter Solvatochromic Probe Detects Mycobacteria within Minutes
Kamariza M, Keyser SGL, Utz A, Knapp BD, Ealand C, Ahn G, Cambier CJ, Chen T, Kana B, Huang KC, Bertozzi CR
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2021; 1(9):1368-1379. doi: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00173

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Sequence and functional characterization of a public HIV-specific antibody clonotype
Murji AA, Raju N, Qin JS, Kaldine H, Janowska K, Fechter EF, Mapengo R, Scheepers C, Setliff I, Acharya P, Morris L, Georgiev IS
iScience. 2021; 25(1):103564. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103564

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HIV-1 genetic diversity and natural polymorphisms of the integrase gene in integrase inhibitor naive patients in Harare, Zimbabwe
Madyadi A, Dhoro M, Shamu T, Washaya T, Kouamou V, Chimukangara B, Katzenstein D, Manasa J
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2021; 37(12):954-961. doi: 10.1089/AID.2021.0084

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HIV status alters disease severity and immune cell responses in beta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection wave
Karim F, Gazy I, Cele S, Zungu Y, Krause R, Bernstein M, Khan K, Ganga Y, Rodel HE, Mthabela N, Mazibuko M, Muema D, Ramjit D, Ndung'u T, Hanekom W, Gosnell B; COMMIT-KZN Team, Lessells RJ, Wong EB, de Oliveira T, Moosa Y, Lustig G, Leslie A, Kløverpris H, Sigal A
eLife 2021; 10:e67397. doi: 10.7554/eLife.67397

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Comparison of Female Genital Tract Cytokine and Microbiota Signatures Induced by Initiation of Intramuscular DMPA and NET-EN Hormonal Contraceptives - a Prospective Cohort Analysis
Dabee S, Tanko RF, Brown BP, Bunjun R, Balle C, Feng C, Konstantinus IN, Jaumdally SZ, Onono M, Nair G, Palanee-Phillips T, Gill K, Baeten JM, Bekker LG, Passmore JS, Heffron R, Jaspan HB, Happel AU
Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 12:760504. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760504

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Introduction to the updated Australasian consensus guidelines for the management of invasive fungal disease and use of antifungal agents in the haematology/oncology setting
Chang CC, Blyth CC, Chen SC, Khanina A, Morrissey CO, Roberts JA, Thursky KA, Worth LJ, Slavin MA; Australasian Antifungal Guidelines Steering Committee
Internal Medicine Journal 2021; 51(Suppl 7):3-17. doi: 10.1111/imj.15585

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Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis and rare yeast infections in the haematology/oncology setting
Chang CC, Hall V, Cooper C, Grigoriadis G, Beardsley J, Sorrell TC, Heath CH; and the Australasian Antifungal Guidelines Steering Committee
Internal Medicine Journal 2021;51(Suppl 7):118-142. doi: 10.1111/imj.15590

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Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection
Arumugam T, Ramphal U, Adimulam T, Chinniah R, Ramsuran V
Front Immunol. 2021; 12:795121. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795121

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Longitudinal Dynamics of a Blood Transcriptomic Signature of Tuberculosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
Mulenga H, Musvosvi M, Mendelsohn SC, Penn-Nicholson A, Kimbung Mbandi S, Gartland AF, Tameris M, Mabwe S, Africa H, Bilek N, Kafaar F, Khader SA, Carstens B, Hadley K, Hikuam C, Erasmus M, Jaxa L, Raphela R, Nombida O, Kaskar M, Nicol MP, Mbhele S, Van Heerden J, Innes C, Brumskine W, Hiemstra A, Malherbe ST, Hassan-Moosa R, Walzl G, Naidoo K, Churchyard G, Hatherill M, Scriba TJ; CORTIS Study Team
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2021; 204(12):1463-1472. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202103-0548OC

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The Effect of Exogenous Sex Steroids on the Vaginal Microbiota: A Systematic Review
Ratten LK, Plummer EL, Bradshaw CS, Fairley CK, Murray GL, Garland SM, Bateson D, Tachedjian G, Masson L, Vodstrcil LA
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2021; 11:732423. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.732423

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Presence and Persistence of Putative Lytic and Temperate Bacteriophages in Vaginal Metagenomes from South African Adolescents
Happel AU, Balle C, Maust BS, Konstantinus IN, Gill K, Bekker LG, Froissart R, Passmore JA, Karaoz U, Varsani A, Jaspan H
Viruses. 2021 23;13(12):2341. doi: 10.3390/v13122341

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Assessment of an LSDV-Vectored Vaccine for Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunizations against HIV
Chapman R, van Diepen M, Douglass N, Galant S, Jaffer M, Margolin E, Ximba P, Hermanus T, Moore PL, Williamson AL
Vaccines 2021; 9(11):1281. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9111281

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Strategies implemented for accurate dispensing of an investigational new drug in a multi-site HIV prevention clinical trial
Jacobson C, Moodley J, Bhoola A, Sakwa R, Moodley J, Sukdao J, Hurbans N, Maharaj B, Naidoo A, Maclachlan M, Chareka G
Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 2021; 24:100859. doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100859

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Using Emoji Stickers to Understand End-User Opinions of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for HIV Prevention
Katz AWK, Mansoor LE, Tsidya M, Mathebula F, Singh D, Siva S, Akello C, Chitowa TH, Garcia M, Soto-Torres L, Montgomery ET
AIDS Behavior 2021; 25(12):3955-3966. doi: 10.1007/s10461-021-03338-1

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The Influence of Perceived Dapivirine Vaginal Ring Effectiveness on Social Disclosure and Ring Adherence
Stoner MCD, Brown ER, Palanee-Phillips T, Mansoor LE, Tembo T, Nair G, Akello C, Seyama L, Jeenarain N, Naidoo L, Mgodi N, Hunidzarira P, Chitukuta M, van der Straten A; MTN-020 ASPIRE and M-025 HOPE study teams
AIDS Behavior 2021; 25(12):4169-4179. doi: 10.1007/s10461-021-03286-w

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An HLA-I signature favouring KIR-educated Natural Killer cells mediates immune control of HIV in children and contrasts with the HLA-B-restricted CD8+ T-cell-mediated immune control in adults
Vieira VA, Adland E, Malone DFG, Martin MP, Groll A, Ansari MA, Garcia-Guerrero MC, Puertas MC, Muenchhoff M, Guash CF, Brander C, Martinez-Picado J, Bamford A, Tudor-Williams G, Ndung'u T, Walker BD, Ramsuran V, Frater J, Jooste P, Peppa D, Carrington M, Goulder PJR
PLoS Pathogens 2021;17(11):e1010090. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010090

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HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation in Africa: some early lessons
Abdool Karim SS, Baxter C
Lancet Global Health 2021; 9(12):e1634-e1635. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00460-5

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Meta-analytic magic, ivermectin, and socially responsible reporting
Parrish AG, Blockman M, Cohen K, Dawood H, de Waal R, Gray AL, Kredo T, Leong TD, Nel J, Rees H, Reubenson G
South African Medical Journal 2021; 111(10):934-937. DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2021.v111i10.16021

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Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 boosts and broadens Ad26.COV2.S immunogenicity in a variant-dependent manner
Keeton R, Richardson SI, Moyo-Gwete T, Hermanus T, Tincho MB, Benede N, Manamela NP, Baguma R, Makhado Z, Ngomti A, Motlou T, Mennen M, Chinhoyi L, Skelem S, Maboreke H, Doolabh D, Iranzadeh A, Otter AD, Brooks T, Noursadeghi M, Moon JC, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Blackburn J, Hsiao NY, Williamson C, Riou C, Goga A, Garrett N, Bekker LG, Gray G, Ntusi NAB, Moore PL, Burgers WA
Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29(11):1611-1619.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.10.003

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Ethically designing research to inform multidimensional, rapidly evolving policy decisions: Lessons learned from the PROMISE HIV Perinatal Prevention Trial
Shah SK, London AJ, Mofenson L, Lavery JV, John-Stewart G, Flynn P, Theron G, Bangdiwala SI, Moodley D, Chinula L, Fairlie L, Sekoto T, Kakhu TJ, Violari A, Dadabhai S, McCarthy K, Fowler MG
Clinical Trials. 2021; 18(6):681-689. doi: 10.1177/17407745211045734

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Machine learning algorithms using routinely collected data do not adequately predict viremia to inform targeted services in postpartum women living with HIV
Murnane PM, Ayieko J, Vittinghoff E, Gandhi M, Katumbi C, Milala B, Nakaye C, Kanda P, Moodley D, Nyati ME, Loftis AJ, Fowler MG, Flynn P, Currier JS, Cohen CR
JAIDS 2021; 88(5):439-447. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002800

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Impact and experience of participant engagement activities in supporting dapivirine ring use among participants enrolled in the phase III MTN-020/ASPIRE study
Garcia M, Luecke E, Mayo AJ, Scheckter R, Ndase P, Kiweewa FM, Kemigisha D, Musara P, Mansoor LE, Singh N, Woeber K, Morar NS, Jeenarain N, Gaffoor Z, Gondwe DK, Makala Y, Fleurs L, Reddy K, Palanee-Phillips T, Baeten JM, van der Straten A, Soto-Torres L, Torjesen K
BMC Public Health 2021; 21(1):2041. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11919-x

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The use of PSA as a biomarker of recent semen exposure in female reproductive health studies
Mngomezulu K, Mzobe G, Mtshali A, Baxter C, Ngcapu S
Journal of Reproductive Immunology 2021;148:103381. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103381

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Semen: A modulator of female genital tract inflammation and a vector for HIV-1 transmission
Jewanraj J, Ngcapu S, Liebenberg LJ
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 2021;86(5):e13478. doi: 10.1111/aji.13478

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Acquired HIV drug resistance and virologic monitoring in a HIV hyper-endemic setting in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Chimukangara B, Lessells RJ, Singh L, Grigalionyte I, Yende-Zuma N, Adams R, Dawood H, Dlamini L, Buthelezi S, Chetty S, Diallo K, Duffus WA, Mogashoa M, Hagen MB, Giandhari J, de Oliveira T, Moodley P, Padayatchi N, Naidoo K
AIDS Research and Therapy 2021; 18(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s12981-021-00393-5

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Electronic dose monitoring identifies a high-risk subpopulation in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV
Zelnick JR, Daftary A, Hwang C, Labar AS, Boodhram R, Maharaj B, Wolf AK, Mondal S, Amico KR, Orrell C, Seepamore B, Friedland G, Padayatchi N, O'Donnell MR
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021; 73(7):e1901-e1910. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1557

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Pharmacokinetics and safety of maraviroc in neonates
Rosebush JC, Best BM, Chadwick EG, Butler K, Moye J, Smith E, Bradford S, Reding CA, Mathiba SR, Hanley S, Aziz M, Homans J, Acosta EP, Murtaugh W, Vourvahis M, Mcfadyen L, Hayward K, Mirochnick M, Samson P; IMPAACT 2007 Study Team
AIDS 2021; 35(3):419-427. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002762

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Endocervical Regulatory T Cells Are Associated With Decreased Genital Inflammation and Lower HIV Target Cell Abundance
Ssemaganda A, Cholette F, Perner M, Kambaran C, Adhiambo W, Wambugu PM, Gebrebrhan H, Lee A, Nuhu F, Mwatelah RS, Jahan N, Omole TE, Wanjiru T, Gitau A, Kimani J, McKinnon LR
Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 12:726472. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726472

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A Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific IgG3 signature of recurrent Tuberculosis
Fischinger S, Cizmeci D, Shin S, Davies L, Grace P, Sivro A, Yende-Zuma N, Streeck H, Fortune SM, Lauffenburger DA, Naidoo K
Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 12:729186. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729186

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Person-centred care in TB
Horter S, Daftary A, Keam T, Bernays S, Bhanushali K, Chavan D, Denholm J, Furin J, Jaramillo E, Khan A, Lin YD, Lobo R, Loveday M, Majumdar SS, Mistry N, Patel H, Rane S, Swaminathan A, Triasih R, Venkatesan N, Viney K, du Cros P
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2021; 25(10):784-787. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0327

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Combinations of Single Chain Variable Fragments From HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Demonstrate High Potency and Breadth
van Dorsten RT, Wagh K, Moore PL, Morris L
Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 12:734110. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734110

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Diverse clinical and social circumstances: developing patient-centred care for DR-TB patients in South Africa
Mitrani L, Dickson-Hall L, Le Roux S, Hill J, Loveday M, Grant AD, Kielmann K, Mlisana K, Moshabela M, Nicol MP, Black J, Cox H
Public Health Action 2021;11(3):120-125. doi: 10.5588/pha.20.0083

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Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, Multilocus Sequence Typing, and NG-STAR sequence types of diverse Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Mitchev N, Singh R, Allam M, Kwenda S, Ismail A, Garrett N, Ramsuran V, Niehaus AJ, Mlisana KP
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2021; 65(10):e0075921. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00759-21

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HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Expressed as IgG3 Preserve Neutralization Potency and Show Improved Fc Effector Function
Richardson SI, Ayres F, Manamela NP, Oosthuysen B, Makhado Z, Lambson BE, Morris L, Moore PL
Front Immunol. 2021; 12:733958. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733958

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T cell derived HIV-1 is present in the CSF in the face of suppressive antiretroviral therapy
Lustig G, Cele S, Karim F, Derache A, Ngoepe A, Khan K, Gosnell BI, Moosa MS, Ntshuba N, Marais S, Jeena PM, Govender K, Adamson J, Kløverpris H, Gupta RK, Harrichandparsad R, Patel VB, Sigal A
PLoS Pathogens 2021;17(9):e1009871. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009871

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Preventive HIV Vaccines-Leveraging on Lessons from the Past to Pave the Way Forward
Sobia P, Archary D
Vaccines 2021;9(9):1001. 2021 Sep 8;9(9):1001. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9091001

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Organizational contextual factors that predict success of a quality improvement collaborative approach to enhance integrated HIV-tuberculosis services: a sub-study of the Scaling up TB/HIV Integration trial.
Gengiah S, Connolly C, Yende-Zuma N, Barker PM, Nunn AJ, Padayatchi N, Taylor M, Loveday M, Naidoo K
Implementation Science 2021;16(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s13012-021-01155-7

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Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Garcia-Beltran WF, Lam EC, St Denis K, Nitido AD, Garcia ZH, Hauser BM, Feldman J, Pavlovic MN, Gregory DJ, Poznansky MC, Sigal A, Schmidt AG, Iafrate AJ, Naranbhai V, Balazs AB
Cell 2021 184(9):2372-2383.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.013

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Profound Treg perturbations correlate with COVID-19 severity
Galván-Peña S, Leon J, Chowdhary K, Michelson DA, Vijaykumar B, Yang L, Magnuson AM, Chen F, Manickas-Hill Z, Piechocka-Trocha A, Worrall DP, Hall KE, Ghebremichael M, Walker BD, Li JZ, Yu XG; MGH COVID-19 Collection & Processing Team, Mathis D, Benoist C
PNAS 2021; 118(37):e2111315118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2111315118

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Association of Maternal Viral Load and CD4 Count with Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission Risk during Breastfeeding in the PROMISE Postpartum Component
Flynn PM, Taha TE, Cababasay M, Butler K, Fowler MG, Mofenson LM, Owor M, Fiscus S, Stranix-Chibanda L, Coutsoudis A, Gnanashanmugam D, Chakhtoura N, McCarthy K, Frenkel L, Beck I, Mukuzunga C, Makanani B, Moodley D, Nematadzira T, Kusakara B, Patil S, Vhembo T, Bobat R, Mmbaga BT, Masenya M, Nyati M, Theron G, Mulenga H, Shapiro DE; and the PROMISE Study Team
JAIDS 2021;88(2):206-213. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002744

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Institutional and behaviour-change interventions to support COVID-19 public health measures: a review by the Lancet Commission Task Force on public health measures to suppress the pandemic
Lee JK, Bullen C, Ben Amor Y, Bush SR, Colombo F, Gaviria A, Abdool Karim SS, Kim B, Lavis JN, Lazarus JV, Lo YC, Michie SF, Norheim OF, Oh J, Reddy KS, Rostila M, Sáenz R, Smith LDG, Thwaites JW, Were MK, Xue L; (The Lancet COVID-19 Commission Task Force for Public Health Measures to Suppress the Pandemic)
International Health 2021;13(5):399-409. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihab022

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Inhaled budesonide for COVID-19 in people at high risk of complications in the community in the UK (PRINCIPLE): a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial
Yu LM, Bafadhel M, Dorward J, Hayward G, Saville BR, Gbinigie O, Van Hecke O, Ogburn E, Evans PH, Thomas NPB, Patel MG, Richards D, Berry N, Detry MA, Saunders C, Fitzgerald M, Harris V, Shanyinde M, de Lusignan S, Andersson MI, Barnes PJ, Russell REK, Nicolau DV Jr, Ramakrishnan S, Hobbs FDR, Butler CC; PRINCIPLE Trial Collaborative Group
Lancet 2021; 398(10303):843-855. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01744-X

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Doxycycline for community treatment of suspected COVID-19 in people at high risk of adverse outcomes in the UK (PRINCIPLE): a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial
Butler CC, Yu LM, Dorward J, Gbinigie O, Hayward G, Saville BR, Van Hecke O, Berry N, Detry MA, Saunders C, Fitzgerald M, Harris V, Djukanovic R, Gadola S, Kirkpatrick J, de Lusignan S, Ogburn E, Evans PH, Thomas NPB, Patel MG, Hobbs FDR; PRINCIPLE Trial Collaborative Group
Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2021; 9(9):1010-1020. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00310-6

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Strong correlation between urine and vaginal swab samples for bacterial vaginosis
Naicker D, Ramsuran V, Naicker M, Dessai F, Giandhari J, Tinarwo P, Abbai N
Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 2021; 36(1):199. doi: 10.4102/sajid.v36i1.199

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Structure-guided T cell vaccine design for SARS-CoV-2 variants and sarbecoviruses
Nathan A, Rossin EJ, Kaseke C, Park RJ, Khatri A, Koundakjian D, Urbach JM, Singh NK, Bashirova A, Tano-Menka R, Senjobe F, Waring MT, Piechocka-Trocha A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Iafrate AJ, Naranbhai V, Carrington M, Walker BD, Gaiha GD
Cell 2021; 184(17):4401-4413. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.029

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Correlates of Adherence to the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for HIV-1 Prevention
Husnik MJ, Brown ER, Dadabhai SS, Gaffoor Z, Jeenarain N, Kiweewa FM, Livant E, Mansoor LE, Mirembe BG, Palanee-Phillips T, Singh D, Siva S, Soto-Torres L, van der Straten A, Baeten JM; M. T. N.-020/ASPIRE Study Team
AIDS Behavior 2021; 25(9):2801-2814. doi: 10.1007/s10461-021-03231-x

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Targeting Fc effector function in vaccine design
Richardson SI, Moore PL
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 2021;25(6):467-477. doi: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1907343.

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Effect on growth of exposure to maternal antiretroviral therapy in breastmilk versus extended infant nevirapine prophylaxis among HIV-exposed perinatally uninfected infants in the PROMISE randomized trial
Stranix-Chibanda L, Tierney C, Pinilla M, George K, Aizire J, Chipoka G, Mallewa M, Naidoo M, Nematadzira T, Kusakara B, Violari A, Mbengeranwa T, Njau B, Fairlie L, Theron G, Mubiana-Mbewe M, Khadse S, Browning R, Fowler MG, Siberry GK; PROMISE Study Team
PLoS One 2021; 16(8):e0255250. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255250

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HLA class-I-peptide stability mediates CD8+ T cell immunodominance hierarchies and facilitates HLA-associated immune control of HIV
Kaseke C, Park RJ, Singh NK, Koundakjian D, Bashirova A, Garcia Beltran WF, Takou Mbah OC, Ma J, Senjobe F, Urbach JM, Nathan A, Rossin EJ, Tano-Menka R, Khatri A, Piechocka-Trocha A, Waring MT, Birnbaum ME, Baker BM, Carrington M, Walker BD, Gaiha GD
Cell Reports 2021; 36(2):109378. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109378

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Large age shifts in HIV-1 incidence patterns in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Akullian A, Vandormael A, Miller JC, Bershteyn A, Wenger E, Cuadros D, Gareta D, Bärnighausen T, Herbst K, Tanser F
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2021; 118(28):e2013164118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2013164118

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Reliability of last menstrual period recall, an early ultrasound and a Smartphone App in predicting date of delivery and classification of preterm and post-term births
Majola L, Budhram S, Govender V, Naidoo M, Godlwana Z, Lombard C, Moodley D
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21(1):493. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-03980-6

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Comparison of dried blood spot and plasma sampling for untargeted metabolomics
Tobin NH, Murphy A, Li F, Brummel SS, Taha TE, Saidi F, Owor M, Violari A, Moodley D, Chi B, Goodman KD, Koos B, Aldrovandi GM
Metabolomics 2021 23;17(7):62. doi: 10.1007/s11306-021-01813-3

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Two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induce robust immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Skelly DT, Harding AC, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Knight ML, Longet S, Brown A, Adele S, Adland E, Brown H; Medawar Laboratory Team, Tipton T, Stafford L, Mentzer AJ, Johnson SA, Amini A; OPTIC (Oxford Protective T cell Immunology for COVID-19) Clinical Group, Tan TK, Schimanski L, Huang KA, Rijal P; PITCH (Protective Immunity T cells in Health Care Worker) Study Group; C-MORE/PHOSP-C Group, Frater J, Goulder P, Conlon CP, Jeffery K, Dold C, Pollard AJ, Sigal A, de Oliveira T, Townsend AR, Klenerman P, Dunachie SJ, Barnes E, Carroll MW, James WS
Nature Communications 2021; 12(1):5061. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25167-5

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Decline of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus detection in facility-based surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic, South Africa, January to October 2020
Tempia S, Walaza S, Bhiman JN, McMorrow ML, Moyes J, Mkhencele T, Meiring S, Quan V, Bishop K, McAnerney JM, von Gottberg A, Wolter N, Du Plessis M, Treurnicht FK, Hellferscee O, Dawood H, Naby F, Variava E, Siwele C, Baute N, Nel J, Reubenson G, Zar HJ, Cohen C
Euro Surveill. 2021; 26(29):2001600. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.29.2001600

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Thromboembolic Events in the South African Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine Study
Takuva S, Takalani A, Garrett N, Goga A, Peter J, Louw V, Opie J, Jacobson B, Sanne I, Gail-Bekker L, Gray G
New England Journal of Medicine 2021; 385(6):570-571. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2107920

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Genomic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection case with the emerging B.1.2 variant in Brazil
Fonseca V, de Jesus R, Adelino T, Reis AB, de Souza BB, Ribeiro AA, Guimarães NR, Livorati MTFP, Neto DFL, Kato RB, Portela LMO, Dutra LH, Freitas C, de Abreu AL, Filizzola ERM, de Medeiros AC, Iani FCM, Carvalho G, Lourenço J, de Oliveira T, Alcantara LCJ, Giovanetti M
Journal of Infection 2021;83(2):237-279. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.05.014

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Elicitation of Neutralizing Antibody Responses to HIV-1 Immunization with Nanoparticle Vaccine Platforms
Murji AA, Qin JS, Hermanus T, Morris L, Georgiev IS
Viruses 2021; 13(7):1296. doi: 10.3390/v13071296

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Supplementation of sputum cultures with culture filtrate to detect tuberculosis in a cross-sectional study of HIV-infected individuals
McIvor A, Gordhan BG, Waja Z, Otwombe K, Martinson NA, Kana BD
Tuberculosis 2021;129:102103. doi: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102103

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Pregnancy outcomes of women conceiving on antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to those commenced on ART during pregnancy
Theron G, Brummel S, Fairlie L, Pinilla M, McCarthy K, Owor M, Chinula L, Makanani B, Violari A, Moodley D, Chakhtoura N, Browning R, Hoffman R, Fowler MG; PROMISE (Promoting Maternal and Infant Survival Everywhere) 1077BF and 1077FF Teams
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021; 73(2):e312-e320. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa805

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The effect of eligibility for antiretroviral therapy on body mass index and blood pressure in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Kuber A, Reuter A, Geldsetzer P, Chimbindi N, Moshabela M, Tanser F, Bärnighausen T, Vollmer S
Scientific Reports 2021 July;11(1):14718. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94057-z.

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Acceptability of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring for HIV-1 Prevention and Association with Adherence in a Phase III Trial
Mayo AJ, Browne EN, Montgomery ET, Torjesen K, Palanee-Phillips T, Jeenarain N, Seyama L, Woeber K, Harkoo I, Reddy K, Tembo T, Mutero P, Tauya T, Chitukuta M, Gati Mirembe B, Soto-Torres L, Brown ER, Baeten JM, van der Straten A; MTN-020/ASPIRE study team
AIDS Behavior 2021; 25(8):2430-2440. doi: 10.1007/s10461-021-03205-z

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Risk of adverse coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes for people living with HIV
Mellor MM, Bast AC, Jones NR, Roberts NW, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Reith AJM, Butler CC, Matthews PC, Dorward J
AIDS 2021; 35(4):F1-F10. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002836

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Integrative Multi-Omics Reveals Serum Markers of Tuberculosis in Advanced HIV
Krishnan S, Queiroz ATL, Gupta A, Gupte N, Bisson GP, Kumwenda J, Naidoo K, Mohapi L, Mave V, Mngqibisa R, Lama JR, Hosseinipour MC, Andrade BB, Karakousis PC
Frontiers in immunology 2021; 12:676980. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676980

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Prevalence and Risk Factors for HIV Infection Among Heterosexual Men Recruited from Socializing Venues in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Ntombela NP, Kharsany ABM, Soogun A, Yende-Zuma N, Kohler HP, McKinnon LR.
AIDS Behavior 2021; 25(11):3528-3537. doi: 10.1007/s10461-021-03182-3

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Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: a new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic
Abdool Karim SS and Abdool Karim Q.
Lancet 2021; 398(10317):2126-2128. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02758-6

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A Quality Improvement Intervention to Inform Scale-Up of Integrated HIV-TB Services: Lessons Learned From KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Gengiah S, Naidoo K, Mlobeli R, Tshabalala MF, Nunn AJ, Padayatchi N, Yende-Zuma N, Taylor M, Barker PM, Loveday M.
Global Health: Science and Practice 2021; 9(3):444-458. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-21-00157

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Impact of point-of-care testing and treatment of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis on genital tract inflammatory cytokines in a cohort of young South African women
Garrett N, Mtshali A, Osman F, Masson L, McKinnon LR, Singh R, Mitchev N, Ngobese H, Kharsany ABM, Abdool Karim S, Mlisana K, Passmore JA, Rompalo A, Mindel A, Liebenberg L.
Sexually Transmitted Infections 2021; 97(8):555-565. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054740

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Enhancing HIV Prevention with Injectable Preexposure Prophylaxis
Abdool Karim Q
New England Journal of Medicine 2021; 385(7):652-653. doi: 10.1056/NEJMe2110665.

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Genital and systemic immune effects of the injectable, contraceptive norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), in South African women
Molatlhegi RP, Ngcobo S, Liebenberg LJP, Ngcapu S, Mabhula A, Leslie A, Mchunu N, Zondi MM, Adamson JH, Govender K, Samsunder N, Abdool Karim SS, Abdool Karim Q, Passmore JS, Sivro A, McKinnon LR.
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 2021; 86(2):e13411. doi: 10.1111/aji.13411

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Transient association between semen exposure and biomarkers of genital inflammation in South African women at risk of HIV infection
Jewanraj J, Ngcapu S, Osman F, Ramsuran V, Fish M, Mtshali A, Singh R, Mansoor LE, Abdool Karim SS, Abdool Karim Q, Passmore J-A S, Liebenberg LP.
Journal of the International AIDS Society 2021; 24:e25766. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25766

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Ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030: Time to reset targets for 2025
De Lay PR, Benzaken A, Abdool Karim Q, Aliyu S, Amole C, Ayala G, Chalkidou K, Chang J, Clayton M, Couto A, Dieffenbach C, Dybul M, El Sadr W, Gorgens M, Low-Beer D, Mesbah S, Saveedra J, Sirinirund P, Stover J, Syarif O, Taslim A, Thiam S, Njenga LW, Ghys PD, Izazola-Licea JA, Frescura L, Lamontagne E, Godfrey-Faussett P, Fontaine C, Semini I, Hader S.
PLoS Medicine 2021; 18(6):e1003649. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003649

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Transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 within-host diversity in two major hospital outbreaks in South Africa
San JE, Ngcapu S, Kanzi AM, Tegally H, Fonseca V, Giandhari J, Wilkinson E, Nelson CW, Smidt W, Kiran AM, Chimukangara B, Pillay S, Singh L, Fish M, Gazy I, Martin DP, Khanyile K, Lessells R, de Oliveira T.
Virus Evolution 2021; 7(1):veab041. doi: 10.1093/ve/veab041

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Differentiated service delivery for people using second-line antiretroviral therapy: clinical outcomes from a retrospective cohort study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Lewis L, Sookrajh Y, Gate K, Khubone T, Maraj M, Mkhize S, Hermans LE, Ngobese H, Garrett N, Dorward J.
Journal of the International AIDS Society 2021; 24:e25802. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25802

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Higher mucosal antibody concentrations in women with genital tract inflammation
Sobia P, Pillay T, Liebenberg LJ, Sivro A, Mansoor LE, Osman F, Passmore JA, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Baxter C, McKinnon LR.
Scientific Reports 2021; 11:23514.

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Profound Treg perturbations correlate with COVID-19 severity
Galván-Peña S, Leon J, Chowdhary K, Michelson DA, Vijaykumar B, Yang L, Magnuson AM, Chen F, Manickas-Hill Z, Piechocka-Trocha A, Worrall DP, Hall KE, Ghebremichael M, Walker BD, Li JZ, Yu XG; MGH COVID-19 Collection & Processing Team, Mathis D, Benoist C
PNAS 2021; 118(37):e2111315118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2111315118

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Convergence of infectious and non-communicable disease epidemics in rural South Africa: a cross-sectional, population-based multimorbidity study
Wong EB, Olivier S, Gunda R, Koole O, Surujdeen A, Gareta D, Munatsi D, Modise TH, Dreyer J, Nxumalo S, Smit TK, Ording-Jespersen G, Mpofana IB, Khan K, Sikhosana ZEL, Moodley S, Shen YJ, Khoza T, Mhlongo N, Bucibo S, Nyamande K, Baisley KJ, Cuadros D, Tanser F, Grant AD, Herbst K, Seeley J, Hanekom WA, Ndung'u T, Siedner MJ, Pillay D; Vukuzazi Team
Lancet Global Health 2021; 9(7):e967-e976. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00176-5

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Platform Randomised trial of INterventions against COVID-19 In older peoPLE (PRINCIPLE): protocol for a randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform, trial of community treatment of COVID-19 syndromic illness in people at higher risk.
Hayward G, Butler CC, Yu LM, Saville BR, Berry N, Dorward J, Gbinigie O, van Hecke O, Ogburn E, Swayze H, Bongard E, Allen J, Tonner S, Rutter H, Tonkin-Crine S, Borek A, Judge D, Grabey J, de Lusignan S, Thomas NPB, Evans PH, Andersson MI, Llewelyn M, Patel M, Hopkins S, Hobbs FDR
BMJ Open. 2021; 11(6):e046799. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046799

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Brief Report: Impact of ART on Maternal Health After Cessation of Breastfeeding
Brummel SS, Taha TE, Angelidou KN, Saidi F, Atuhaire P, Dula D, Moodley D, Matubu A, Chareka G, Nevrekar N, Vhembo T, Fairlie L, Theron G, Mlay P, George K, Basar M, Chakhtoura N, Browning R, Fowler MG, Currier JS; IMPAACT 1077BF/FF PROMISE Study Team
JAIDS 2021; 86(4):450-454. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002586

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Lactic acid-containing products for bacterial vaginosis and their impact on the vaginal microbiota: A systematic review
Plummer EL, Bradshaw CS, Doyle M, Fairley CK, Murray GL, Bateson D, Masson L, Slifirski J, Tachedjian G, Vodstrcil LA
PLoS One. 2021; 16(2):e0246953. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246953

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Quality of care for tuberculosis and HIV in the private health sector: a cross-sectional, standardised patient study in South Africa
Boffa J, Moyo S, Chikovore J, Salomon A, Daniels B, Kwan AT, Pai M, Daftary A
BMJ Global Health. 2021;6(5):e005250. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005250

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HIV infection in Eastern and Southern Africa: Highest burden, largest challenges, greatest potential
Parker E, Judge MA, Macete E, Nhampossa T, Dorward J, Langa DC, De Schacht C, Couto A, Vaz P, Vitoria M, Molfino L
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 2021; 22(1): a1237. doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v22i1.1237

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Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant.
Shinde V, Bhikha S, Hoosain Z, Archary M, Bhorat Q, Fairlie L, Lalloo U, Masilela MSL, Moodley D, Hanley S, Fouche L, Louw C, Tameris M, Singh N, Goga A, Dheda K, Grobbelaar C, Kruger G, Carrim-Ganey N, Baillie V, de Oliveira T, Lombard Koen A, Lombaard JJ, Mngqibisa R, Bhorat AE, Benadé G, Lalloo N, Pitsi A, Vollgraaff PL, Luabeya A, Esmail A, Petrick FG, Oommen-Jose A, Foulkes S, Ahmed K, Thombrayil A, Fries L, Cloney-Clark S, Zhu M, Bennett C, Albert G, Faust E, Plested JS, Robertson A, Neal S, Cho I, Glenn GM, Dubovsky F, Madhi SA; 2019nCoV-501 Study Group
New England Journal of Medicine 2021; 384(20):1899-1909. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2103055

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SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: the knowns and unknowns
Lessells RJ
Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2021; 40(3):100868

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HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors: A review of current drugs, recent advances and drug resistance
Mbhele N, Chimukangara B, Gordon M
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 2021; 57(5):106343. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106343

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Likely clinical depression and HIV-related decline in antiretroviral therapy untreated women who seroconverted during participation in microbicide trials in sub-Saharan Africa
Rael CT, Roberts S, Ibitoye M, Gorbach PM, Palanee-Phillips T, Harkoo I, Mbilizi Y, Panchia R, Siva S, Tembo T, Agwau Akello C, Balkus J, Riddler S, Carballo-Diéguez A
International Journal of STD & AIDS 2021; 32(7):620-628. doi: 10.1177/0956462420975935

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Precision pandemic preparedness: Improving diagnostics with metagenomics
Govender KN
Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2021; 59(6):e02146-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02146-20

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Acceptability, feasibility, and impact of a pilot tuberculosis literacy and treatment counselling intervention: a mixed methods study
Law S, Seepamore B, Oxlade O, Sikhakhane N, Dawood H, Chetty S, Padayatchi N, Menzies D, Daftary A
BMC Infectious Diseases 2021; 21(1):449. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06136-1

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Eliminating postnatal HIV transmission in high incidence areas: need for complementary biomedical interventions
Van de Perre P, Goga A, Ngandu N, Nagot N, Moodley D, King R, Molès JP, Mosqueira B, Chirinda W, Scarlatti G, Tylleskär T, Dabis F, Gray G
Lancet 2021; 397(10281):1316-1324. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00570-5.

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Il4ra-independent vaginal eosinophil accumulation following helminth infection exacerbates epithelial ulcerative pathology of HSV-2 infection
Chetty A, Darby MG, Vornewald PM, Martín-Alonso M, Filz A, Ritter M, McSorley HJ, Masson L, Smith K, Brombacher F, O'Shea MK, Cunningham AF, Ryffel B, Oudhoff MJ, Dewals BG, Layland LE, Horsnell WGC
Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29(4):579-593. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.004.

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A nurse-led intervention to improve management of virological failure in public sector HIV clinics in Durban, South Africa: A pre- and post-implementation evaluation
Sunpath H, Pillay S, Hatlen T, Murphy RA, Marconi VC, Moosa MS, Naidoo K, Siedner MJ.
South African Medical Journal 2021; 111(4):299-303

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Rectal microbiota diversity in Kenyan MSM is inversely associated with frequency of receptive anal sex, independent of HIV status
Gebrebrhan H, Kambaran C, Sivro A, Adhiambo W, Siele N, Becker MG, Li J, Choi S, Mwatelah RS, Reyes NV, Akolo M, Njogu P, Cholette F, Ho J, Kim J, Peterson SW, Martin I, Sandstrom P, Mehta SD, Lorway RR, Ball TB, Kimani J, Mclaren PJ, Ji H, Mckinnon LR.
AIDS 2021; 35(7):1091-1101

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Epigenetic Regulation of BST-2 Expression Levels and the Effect on HIV-1 Pathogenesis
Singh R, Ramsuran V, Naranbhai V, Yende-Zuma N, Garrett N, Mlisana K, Dong KL, Walker BD, Abdool Karim SS, Carrington M, Ndung’u T.
Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 12:669241

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Men's Sexual Experiences with the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe
Montgomery ET, Katz AWK, Duby Z, Mansoor LE, Morar NS, Naidoo K, Tsidya M, Chitukuta M, Guma V, Tenza S, Leslie J, Garcia M, Naidoo S.
AIDS Behavior 2021; 25(6):1890-1900

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Potential impact and cost-effectiveness of condomless-sex-concentrated PrEP in KwaZulu-Natal accounting for drug resistance
Phillips A, Cambiano V, Johnson L, Nakagawa F, Homan R, Meyer-Rath G, Rehle T, Tanser F, Moyo S, Shahmanesh M, Castor D, Russell E, Jamieson L, Bansi-Matharu L, Shroufi A, Barnabas R, Parikh UM, Mellors JW, Revill P.
Journal of Infectious Diseases 2021; 223(8):1345-1355

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Health system determinants of tuberculosis mortality in South Africa: a causal loop model
Osman M, Karat AS, Khan M, Meehan SA, von Delft A, Brey Z, Charalambous S, Hesseling AC, Naidoo P, Loveday M.
BMC Health Services Research 2021; 21(1):388

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Exploring discrepant knowledge of partner sexual behaviour to inform self-risk assessment in a high HIV burdened district in rural KwaZulu-Natal
Humphries H, Knight L, Mehou-Loko C, Mdladla M, Phakathi S, Mazibuko S, Abdool Karim Q.
Global Public Health. 2021 6:1-16. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1969672

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Temporal changes in vaginal microbiota and genital tract cytokines among South African women treated for bacterial vaginosis.
Mtshali A, James SE, Osman F, Garrett N, Balle C, Giandhari J, Onywera H, Mngomezulu K, Mzobe G, De Oliveira T, Rompalo A, Mindel A, Abdool Karim SS, Ravel J, Passmore J-AS, Abdool Karim Q, Jaspan HB, Liebenberg LJP, Ngcapu S.
Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 12:730986. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730986

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HIV incidence trends in Africa: young women at highest risk.
Abdool Karim SS, Baxter C.
Lancet HIV 2021; 8(7):e389-e390. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00079-5.

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Effect of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines on pulmonary tuberculosis culture conversion and disease severity in HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals from South Africa.
Rambaran S, Naidoo K, Lewis L, Hassan-Moosa R, Govender D, Samsunder N, Scriba TJ, Padayatchi N, Sivro A.
Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 12:641065. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641065.

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Priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic at the start of 2021: statement of the Lancet COVID-19 Commission.
Sachs JD, Abdool Karim SS, Aknin L, Allen J, Brosbøl K, Barron GC, Daszak P, et al., on behalf of Commissioners of the Lancet COVID-19 Commission.
Lancet 2021; 397(10278):947-950.

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Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa.
Tegally H, Wilkinson E, Giovanetti M, Iranzadeh A, Fonseca V, Giandhari J, Doolabh D, Pillay S, San EJ, Msomi N, Mlisana K, von Gottberg A, Walaza S, Allam M, Ismail A, Mohale T, Glass AJ, Engelbrecht S, Van Zyl G, Preiser W, Petruccione F, Sigal A, Hardie D, Marais G, Hsiao M, Korsman S, Davies MA, Tyers L, Mudau I, York D, Maslo C, Goedhals D, Abrahams S, Laguda-Akingba O, Alisoltani-Dehkordi A, Godzik A, Wibmer CK, Sewell BT, Lourenço J, Alcantara LCJ, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Weaver S, Martin D, Lessells RJ, Bhiman JN, Williamson C, de Oliveira T.
Nature 2021 ; 592(7854):438-443.

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The complex link between the female genital microbiota, genital infections and inflammation.
Dabee S, Passmore JS, Heffron R, Jaspan HB.
Infectious Immunology 2021; 89(5):e00487-20. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00487-20.

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Immunological correlates of the HIV-1 replication-competent reservoir size.
Ismail SD, Riou C, Joseph SB, Archin NM, Margolis DM, Perelson AS, Cassidy T, Abrahams MR, Moeser M, Council OD, McKinnon LR, Osman F, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Swanstrom R, Williamson C, Garrett NJ, Burgers WA.
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021.ciab587. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab587.

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The protease inhibitor lopinavir, boosted with ritonavir, as treatment for COVID-19: a rapid review.
Dorward J, Gbinigie O, Cai T, Roberts NW, Garrett N, Hayward G, Butler CC.
Antiviral Therapy 2020; 25(7):365-376. doi: 10.3851/IMP3385.

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Differential expression of groEL-1, incB, pyk-F, tal, hctA and omcB genes during Chlamydia trachomatis developmental cycle.
Mzobe GF, Ngcapu S, Joubert BC, Sturm WA.
PLoS One 2021; 16(4):e0249358. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249358.

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Using the Emanuel Framework to Explore the Ethical Issues Raised in a Participatory Visual Research Project in Rural South Africa.
Treffry-Goatley A, Moletsane R, de Oliveira T, Seeley J, Lessells R.
Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 2021; 16(1-2):3-14.

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Maternal and infant outcomes among pregnant women treated for multidrug/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa.
Loveday M, Hughes J, Sunkari B, Master I, Hlangu S, Reddy T, Chotoo S, Green N, Seddon JA.
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021;72(7):1158-1168.

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Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir with emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate HIV antiretroviral therapy regimens started in pregnancy (IMPAACT 2010/VESTED): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.
Lockman S, Brummel SS, Ziemba L, Stranix-Chibanda L, McCarthy K, Coletti A, Jean-Philippe P, Johnston B, Krotje C, Fairlie L, Hoffman RM, Sax PE, Moyo S, Chakhtoura N, Stringer JS, Masheto G, Korutaro V, Cassim H, Mmbaga BT, João E, Hanley S, Purdue L, Holmes LB, Momper JD, Shapiro RL, Thoofer NK, Rooney JF, Frenkel LM, Amico KR, Chinula L, Currier J; IMPAACT 2010/VESTED Study Team and Investigators.
Lancet 2021; 397(10281):1276-1292.

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Cost-effectiveness of point-of-care testing with task-shifting for HIV care in South Africa: a modelling study.
Sharma M, Mudimu E, Simeon K, Bershteyn A, Dorward J, Violette LR, Akullian A, Abdool Karim SS, Celum C, Garrett N, Drain PK.
Lancet HIV 2021; 8(4):e216-e224. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30279-4.

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Multiple Early Introductions of SARS-CoV-2 to Cape Town, South Africa.
Engelbrecht S, Delaney K, Kleinhans B, Wilkinson E, Tegally H, Stander T, van Zyl G, Preiser W, de Oliveira T.
Viruses 2021; 13(3):526. doi: 10.3390/v13030526.

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Using the COVID-19 pandemic to reimagine global health teaching in high-income countries.
Atkins S, Banerjee AT, Bachynski K, Daftary A, Desai G, Gross A, Hedt-Gauthier B, Mendenhall E, Meier BM, Nixon SA, Nolan A, Palermo TM, Phelan A, Pyzik O, Roach P, Sangaramoorthy T, Standley CJ, Yamey G, Abimbola S, Pai M.
BMJ Global Health 2021; 6(4):e005649. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005649.

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Cost-effectiveness analysis of flucytosine as induction therapy in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected adults in South Africa.
Miot J, Leong T, Takuva S, Parrish A, Dawood H.
BMC Health Services Research 2021; 21(1):305. doi: 10.1186/s12913-021-06268-9.

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Plasma Biomarkers of Risk of Tuberculosis Recurrence in HIV Co-Infected Patients from South Africa.
Pillay K, Lewis L, Rambaran S, Yende-Zuma N, Archary D, Gengiah S, Govender D, Hassan-Moosa R, Samsunder N, Abdool Karim SS, McKinnon LR, Padayatchi N, Naidoo K, Sivro A.
Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 12:631094. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631094.

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Reduced antibody cross-reactivity following infection with B.1.1.7 than with parental SARS-CoV-2 strains
Faulkner N, Ng KW, Wu MY, Harvey R, Margaritis M, Paraskevopoulou S, Houlihan C, Hussain S, Greco M, Bolland W, Warchal S, Heaney J, Rickman H, Spyer M, Frampton D, Byott M, de Oliveira T, Sigal A, Kjaer S, Swanton C, Gandhi S, Beale R, Gamblin SJ, McCauley JW, Daniels RS, Howell M, Bauer D, Nastouli E, Kassiotis G
eLife 2021;10:e69317

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Vaccine Efficacy of ALVAC-HIV and Bivalent Subtype C gp120-MF59 in Adults.
Gray GE, Bekker LG, Laher F, Malahleha M, Allen M, Moodie Z, Grunenberg N, Huang Y, Grove D, Prigmore B, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Hural J, Innes C, Lazarus E, Meintjes G, Naicker N, Kalonji D, Nchabeleng M, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Kassim S, Dubula T, Naicker V, Brumskine W, Ncayiya CN, Ward AM, Garrett N, Kistnasami G, Gaffoor Z, Selepe P, Makhoba PB, Mathebula MP, Mda P, Adonis T, Mapetla KS, Modibedi B, Philip T, Kobane G, Bentley C, Ramirez S, Takuva S, Jones M, Sikhosana M, Atujuna M, Andrasik M, Hejazi NS, Puren A, Wiesner L, Phogat S, Diaz Granados C, Koutsoukos M, Van Der Meeren O, Barnett SW, Kanesa-Thasan N, Kublin JG, McElrath MJ, Gilbert PB, Janes H, Corey L; HVTN 702 Study Team.
New England Journal of Medicine 2021 ; 384(12):1089-1100.

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Operational Research on the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Exciting Results That Need to Be Protected.
O'Donnell M, Mathema B.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2021; 203(1):11-13.

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Genome Sequences of Five Novel Neisseria gonorrhoeae Sequence Types Isolated in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Mitchev N, Allam M, Kwenda S, Mnyameni F, Ismail A, Niehaus AJ, Ramsuran V, Garrett N, Singh R, Mlisana KP.
Microbiology Resource Announcements 2021; 10(9):e01424-20. doi: 10.1128/MRA.01424-20.

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Building resilience needs to be central to treating drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Cox H, Loveday M.
Lancet Global Health 2021; 9(4):e381-e382. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00056-5.

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Sixteen novel lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa.
Tegally H, Wilkinson E, Lessells RJ, Giandhari J, Pillay S, Msomi N, Mlisana K, Bhiman JN, von Gottberg A, Walaza S, Fonseca V, Allam M, Ismail A, Glass AJ, Engelbrecht S, Van Zyl G, Preiser W, Williamson C, Petruccione F, Sigal A, Gazy I, Hardie D, Hsiao NY, Martin D, York D, Goedhals D, San EJ, Giovanetti M, Lourenço J, Alcantara LCJ, de Oliveira T.
Nature Medicine 2021; 27(3):440-446.

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Dynamic needs and challenges of people with drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV in South Africa: a qualitative study.
Daftary A, Mondal S, Zelnick J, Friedland G, Seepamore B, Boodhram R, Amico KR, Padayatchi N, O’Donnell MR.
Lancet Global Health 2021; 9(4): e479-e488.

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Future scenarios for the COVID-19 pandemic.
Skegg D, Gluckman P, Boulton G, Hackmann H, Abdool Karim SS, Piot P, Woopen C.
Lancet 2021; 397(10276):777-778.

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HIV susceptibility in women: The roles of genital inflammation, sexually transmitted infections and the genital microbiome.
Mtshali A, Ngcapu S, Mindel A, Garrett N, Liebenberg L.
Journal of Reproductive Immunology 2021; 145:103291. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103291.

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Modified Adenovirus Prime-Protein Boost Clade C HIV Vaccine Strategy Results in Reduced Viral DNA in Blood and Tissues Following Tier 2 SHIV Challenge.
Malherbe DC, Vang L, Mendy J, Barnette PT, Spencer DA, Reed J, Kareko BW, Sather DN, Pandey S, Wibmer CK, Robins H, Fuller DH, Park B, Lakhashe SK, Wilson JM, Axthelm MK, Ruprecht RM, Moore PL, Sacha JB, Hessell AJ, Alexander J, Haigwood NL.
Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 11:626464. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.626464.

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Recent Semen Exposure impacts the Cytokine Response and Bacterial Vaginosis in women.
Mngomezulu K, Mzobe GF, Mtshali A, Osman F, Liebenberg LJP, Garrett N, Singh R, Rompalo A, Mindel A, Abdool Karim SS, Abdool Karim Q, Baxter C, Ngcapu S.
Frontiers in Immunology 2021; 12:695201. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.695201.

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Appropriate names for COVID-19 variants.
Abdool Karim SS, de Oliveira T, Loots G.
Science 2021; 371(6535):1215. doi: 10.1126/science.abh0836.

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The effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on adverse events during treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lazarus G, Tjoa K, Iskandar AWB, Louisa M, Sagwa EL, Padayatchi N, Soetikno V.
PLoS One 2021; 16(3):e0248017. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248017.

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How will COVID-19 transform global health post-pandemic? Defining research and investment opportunities and priorities.
Reid M, Abdool Karim Q, Geng E, Goosby E.
PLoS Medicine 2021; 18(3):e1003564. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003564.

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SARS-CoV-2 variants and ending the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fontanet A, Autran B, Lina B, Kieny MP, Abdool Karim SS, Sridhar D.
Lancet 2021; 397(10278):952-954.

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Identifying SARS-CoV-2 infections in South Africa: Balancing public health imperatives with saving lives.
Baxter C, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2021; 538:221-225.

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Engaging young women in Africa for PrEP use and adherence.
Maharaj B, Abdool Karim Q.
Lancet HIV 2021; 8(3):e122-e123. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30335-0.

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Protocol for a randomised feasibility study of Point-Of-care HIV viral load testing to Enhance Re-suppression in South Africa: the POwER study.
Dorward J, Sookrajh Y, Ngobese H, Lessells R, Sayed F, Bulo E, Moodley P, Samsunder N, Lewis L, Tonkin-Crine S, Drain PK, Hayward G, Butler CC, Garrett N.
BMJ Open 2021; 11(2):e045373. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045373

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Safety, uptake, and use of a dapivirine vaginal ring for HIV-1 prevention in African women (HOPE): an open-label, extension study.
Baeten JM, Palanee-Phillips T, Mgodi NM, Mayo AJ, Szydlo DW, Ramjee G, Gati Mirembe B, Mhlanga F, Hunidzarira P, Mansoor LE, Siva S, Govender V, Makanani B, Naidoo L, Singh N, Nair G, Chinula L, Parikh UM, Mellors JW, Balán IC, Ngure K, van der Straten A, Scheckter R, Garcia M, Peda M, Patterson K, Livant E, Bunge K, Singh D, Jacobson C, Jiao Y, Hendrix CW, Chirenje ZM, Nakabiito C, Taha TE, Jones J, Torjesen K, Nel A, Rosenberg Z, Soto-Torres LE, Hillier SL, Brown ER; MTN-025/HOPE Study Team.
Lancet HIV 2021; 8(2):e87-e95. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30304-0.

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Qualitative perceptions of dapivirine vaginal ring adherence and drug level feedback following an open-label extension trial.
Naidoo K, Mansoor LE, Katz AW, Garcia M, Kemigisha D, Morar NS, Zimba CC, Chitukuta M, Reddy K, Soto-Torres L, Naidoo S, Montgomery ET.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2021; 86(4):e90-e96. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002590

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Home-Based Intervention to Test and Start (HITS): a community-randomized controlled trial to increase HIV testing uptake among men in rural South Africa.
Tanser FC, Kim HY, Mathenjwa T, Shahmanesh M, Seeley J, Matthews P, Wyke S, McGrath N, Adeagbo O, Sartorius B, Yapa HM, Zuma T, Zeitlin A, Blandford A, Dobra A, Bärnighausen T.
Journal of the International AIDS Society 2021; 24(2):e25665. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25665.

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Identification of Novel UGT1A1 Variants Including UGT1A1 454C> A through the Genotyping of Healthy Participants of the HPTN 077 Study.
Seneviratne HK, Hamlin AN, Li S, Grinsztejn B, Dawood H, Liu AY, Kuo I, Hosseinipour MC, Panchia R, Cottle L, Chau G.
ACS Pharmacology and Translational Science 2021; 4(1):226-239.

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Commentary Title: COVID-19 Research, Africa, and Global Health.
Mbichila T, Kumwenda G, Yola N, Abdool Karim Q, Tchelidze T, Lau J, Buchholz S, Lehnert R, Molina JM, Mayer K, Miller V.
Journal of Virus Eradication 2021; 7(1):100030. doi: 10.1016/j.jve.2021.100030.

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Clinical trials of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for HIV Prevention: A Review.
Mahomed S, Garrett N, Baxter C, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS.
Journal of Infectious Diseases 2021; 223(3):370-380.

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Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 - Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results.
WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium, Pan H, Peto R, Henao-Restrepo AM, Preziosi MP, Sathiyamoorthy V, Abdool Karim Q, Alejandria MM, Hernández García C, Kieny MP, Malekzadeh R, Murthy S, Reddy KS, Roses Periago M, Abi Hanna P, Ader F, Al-Bader AM, Alhasawi A, Allum E, Alotaibi A, Alvarez-Moreno CA, Appadoo S, Asiri A, Aukrust P, Barratt-Due A, Bellani S, Branca M, Cappel-Porter HBC, Cerrato N, Chow TS, Como N, Eustace J, García PJ, Godbole S, Gotuzzo E, Griskevicius L, Hamra R, Hassan M, Hassany M, Hutton D, Irmansyah I, Jancoriene L, Kirwan J, Kumar S, Lennon P, Lopardo G, Lydon P, Magrini N, Maguire T, Manevska S, Manuel O, McGinty S, Medina MT, Mesa Rubio ML, Miranda-Montoya MC, Nel J, Nunes EP, Perola M, Portolés A, Rasmin MR, Raza A, Rees H, Reges PPS, Rogers CA, Salami K, Salvadori MI, Sinani N, Sterne JAC, Stevanovikj M, Tacconelli E, Tikkinen KAO, Trelle S, Zaid H, Røttingen JA, Swaminathan S.
New England Journal of Medicine 2021; 384(6):497-511.

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New SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Clinical, Public Health, and Vaccine Implications.
Abdool Karim SS, de Oliveira T.
New England Journal of Medicine 2021 March. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2100362.

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Client-Centered Adherence Counseling with Adherence Measurement Feedback to Support Use of the Dapivirine Ring in MTN-025 (The HOPE Study).
Balán IC, Giguere R, Lentz C, Kutner BA, Kajura-Manyindo C, Byogero R, Asiimwe FB, Makala Y, Jambaya J, Khanyile N, Chetty D, Soto-Torres L, Mayo A, Mgodi NM, Palanee-Phillips T, Baeten JM.
AIDS Behavior 2021; 25(2):447-458.

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Impact of postpartum tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy on bone mineral density in breastfeeding women with HIV enrolled in a randomized clinical trial.
Stranix-Chibanda L, Tierney C, Sebikari D, Aizire J, Dadabhai S, Zanga A, Mukwasi-Kahari C, Vhembo T, Violari A, Theron G, Moodley D, George K, Fan B, Sommer MJ, Browning R, Mofenson LM, Shepherd J, Nelson B, Fowler MG, Siberry GK; PROMISE P1084s study team.
PLoS One 2021; 16(2):e0246272. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246272.

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Placebo-controlled trials of Covid-19 vaccines - why we still need them.
WHO Ad Hoc Expert Group on the Next Steps for Covid-19 Vaccine Evaluation, Krause PR, Fleming TR, Longini IM, Peto R, Beral V, Bhargava B, Cravioto A, Cramer J, Ellenberg SS, Figueroa JP, Halloran E, Henao-Restrepo AM, Ryan MJ, Levine MM, Nason M, Nohynek HM, Plotkin S, Rees H, Singh JA, Swaminathan S.
New England Journal of Medicine 2021;384(2):e2. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2033538.

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Genital HSV-1 DNA detection is associated with a low inflammatory profile in HIV-uninfected South African women.
Mtshali A, Ngcapu S, Osman F, Garrett N, Singh R, Rompalo A, Mindel A, Liebenberg LJP.
Sexually Transmitted Infections 2021; 97(1):33-37.

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Pharmacokinetics and predicted neutralisation coverage of VRC01 in HIV-uninfected participants of the Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials.
Huang Y, Naidoo L, Zhang L, Carpp LN, Rudnicki E, Randhawa A, Gonzales P, McDermott A, Ledgerwood J, Lorenzo MMG, Burns D, DeCamp A, Juraska M, Mascola J, Edupuganti S, Mgodi N, Cohen M, Corey L, Andrew P, Karuna S, Gilbert PB, Mngadi K, Lazarus E.
EBioMedicine 2021; 64:103203. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103203.

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Betamethasone induces potent immunosuppression and reduces HIV infection in a PBMC in vitro model.
Cromarty R, Sigal A, Liebenberg LJ, Mckinnon LR, Abdool Karim SS, Passmore JS, Archary D.
Journal of Investigative Medicine 2021; 69(1):28-40.

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Modifications to the HIV-1 SAAVI MVA-C vaccine improve in vitro expression and in vivo immunogenicity.
Douglass N, van Diepen MT, Chapman R, Galant S, Margolin E, Ximba P, Hermanus T, Moore PL, Williamson AL.
Vaccine 2021; 39(3):463-468.

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Benign ethnic neutropenia in a South African population, and its association with HIV acquisition and adverse event reporting in an HIV vaccine clinical trial.
Mpofu R, Otwombe K, Mlisana K, Nchabeleng M, Allen M, Kublin J, McElrath MJ, Bekker LG, Churchyard G, Gray G, Laher F.
PLoS One 2021; 16(1):e0241708. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241708.

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The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on HIV care in 65 South African primary care clinics: an interrupted time series analysis.
Dorward J, Khubone T, Gate K, Ngobese H, Sookrajh Y, Mkhize S, Jeewa A, Bottomley C, Lewis L, Baisley K, Butler CC, Gxagxisa N, Garrett N.
Lancet HIV 2021; S2352-3018(20)30359-3. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30359-3.

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Biomarker-guided tuberculosis preventive therapy (CORTIS): a randomised controlled trial.
Scriba* TJ, Fiore-Gartland* A, Penn-Nicholson A, Mulenga H, Mbandi SK, Borate B, Mendelsohn SC, Hadley K, Hikuam C, Kaskar M, Musvosvi M, Bilek N, Self S, Sumner T, White RG, Erasmus M, Jaxa L, Raphela R, Innes C, Brumskine W, Hiemstra A, Malherbe ST, Hassan-Moosa R, Tameris M, Walzl G, Naidoo K, Churchyard G, Hatherill M, and the CORTIS-01 Study Team.
Lancet Infectious Diseases 2021. S1473-3099(20)30914-2. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30914-2

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Declines in HIV prevalence in female sex workers (FSWs) accessing an HIV treatment and prevention programme in Nairobi, Kenya over a 10-year period.
Tago A, McKinnon LR, Wanjiru T, Muriuki F, Munyao J, Gakii G, Akolo M, Kariri A, Reed N, Shaw SY, Gelmon LJ, Kimani J.
AIDS 2021; 35(2):317-324.

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HIV cure research in the time of COVID-19 - Antiretroviral therapy treatment interruption trials: A discussion paper.
Fidler S, Lewin S, Deeks S, Sogaard OS, Vanderkerckhove L, Collins S, Kelly D, Singh J, Caskey M, Frater J.
Journal of Virus Eradication 2021; 7(1):100025. doi: 10.1016/j.jve.2020.100025.

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